本憲章于 1963 年9 月在杜布羅夫尼克（南斯
拉夫）召開的國際翻譯工作者聯(lián)合會(huì)（國際譯
聯(lián)）第四次代表大會(huì)上通過。當(dāng)時(shí)參加國際譯
聯(lián)的有23 個(gè)國家的翻譯工作者團(tuán)體。
國際翻譯工作者聯(lián)合會(huì)認(rèn)為，翻譯工作在當(dāng)代
世界被看作是一種經(jīng)常、普遍和必不可少的活
動(dòng)形式；翻譯工作能夠使各國人民進(jìn)行精神與
物質(zhì)上的交流，豐富各國人民的生活，促進(jìn)人
們之間的了解；盡管從事翻譯工作的環(huán)境各有
不同，但當(dāng)前必須把翻譯工作看作是一種固
定、獨(dú)立的職業(yè)。
希望以正式文件的形式，闡明與翻譯工作者的
職業(yè)密切相關(guān)的幾項(xiàng)共同原則，以便
著重指出翻譯工作的社會(huì)職能，
明確翻譯工作者的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，
奠定翻譯工作者道德規(guī)范的基礎(chǔ)，
改善翻譯工作者從事翻譯工作的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件與
社會(huì)環(huán)境，
為翻譯工作者及其職業(yè)團(tuán)體提供某些活動(dòng)方
針，
借以肯定翻譯工作是一種固定、獨(dú)立的職業(yè)。
有鑒于此，國際翻譯工作者聯(lián)合會(huì)特公布本憲
章，作為翻譯工作者從事翻譯活動(dòng)的指針。
THE TRANSLATOR'S CHARTER
(Approved by the Congress at Dubrovnik in 1963, and
amended in Oslo on July 9, 1994)
The International Federation of Translators
noting
that translation has established itself as a permanent,
universal and necessary activity in the world of today; that
by making intellectual and material exchanges possible
among nations it enriches their life and contributes to a
better understanding amongst men;
that in spite of the various circumstances under which it is
practiced translation must now be recognized as a distinct
and autonomous profession; and
desiring
to lay down, as a formal document, certain general
principles inseparably connected with the profession of
translating, particularly for the purpose of
- stressing the social function of translation,
- laying down the rights and duties of translators,
- laying the basis of a translator's code of ethics,
- improving the economic conditions and social climate in
which the translator carries out his activity, and
- recommending certain lines of conduct for translators and
their professional organizations, and to contribute in this
way to the recognition of translation as a distinct and
autonomous profession,
announces the text of a charter proposed to serve as guiding
principles for the exercise of the profession of translator.
第一章 翻譯工作者的義務(wù)
1、 翻譯工作作為一種腦力勞動(dòng)其目的是將文
學(xué)、科學(xué)方面的材料從一種語言譯成另一種語
言，從事這一工作的人承擔(dān)著由該工作性質(zhì)產(chǎn)
生的特殊義務(wù)。
2、 不管翻譯工作者與使用譯文的個(gè)人和機(jī)關(guān)
建立的是什么關(guān)系或合同，譯文概由翻譯工作
者負(fù)責(zé)。
3、 凡是翻譯工作者不同意的或與翻譯工作者
業(yè)務(wù)職責(zé)相抵觸的對原文的解釋，翻譯工作者
應(yīng)該加以拒絕。
4、 任何譯文都應(yīng)忠實(shí)于原意，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)原文
的思想和形式，遵守這種忠實(shí)的原則是翻譯工
作者法律上與道德上的義務(wù)。
5、 然而，正確的譯文不應(yīng)同逐字翻譯混為一
談，因?yàn)榉g的忠實(shí)并不排除文字上的必要改
變，以便使人能夠用另一種語言在另一個(gè)國家
體會(huì)到原作的形式、氣氛及其內(nèi)在含意。
6、 翻譯工作者應(yīng)通曉原文，更重要的是要精
通用來進(jìn)行翻譯的語言。
7、 翻譯工作者應(yīng)該知識廣博，對所譯對象應(yīng)
有足夠了解，對不熟悉的工作不予承擔(dān)。
8、 翻譯工作者在職業(yè)活動(dòng)中應(yīng)該不作任何不
誠實(shí)的競爭；翻譯工作者不能接受低于法律專
門決議、習(xí)慣或者他所在的職業(yè)團(tuán)體明文規(guī)定
的報(bào)酬。
9、 翻譯工作者不應(yīng)該在有損于個(gè)人或職業(yè)尊
嚴(yán)的條件下去尋找或接受工作。
10、 翻譯工作者應(yīng)該尊重使用譯文的個(gè)人和
機(jī)關(guān)的合法利益，應(yīng)將所有在從事委托給他的
翻譯工作時(shí)可能得到的資料視為職業(yè)秘密。
11、 翻譯工作者作為"再創(chuàng)造"的作者，對原
作者負(fù)有特殊義務(wù)。
12、 翻譯工作者未經(jīng)原著作者或原著所有者
的允許，不得翻譯該項(xiàng)著作，同時(shí)也應(yīng)該尊重
作者其他各項(xiàng)權(quán)利。
SECTION I GENERAL OBLIGATIONS OF THE
TRANSLATOR
1. Translation, being an intellectual activity, the object of
which is the transfer of literary, scientific and technical texts
from one language into another, imposes on those who
practice it specific obligations inherent in its very nature.
2. A translation shall always be made on the sole
responsibility of the translator, whatever the character of the
relationship of contract which binds him/her to the user.
3. The translator shall refuse to give to a text an
interpretation of which he/she does not approve, or which
would be contrary to the obligations of his/her profession.
4. Every translation shall be faithful and render exactly the
idea and form of the original. this fidelity constituting both a
moral and legal obligation for the translator.
5. A faithful translation, however, should not be confused
with a literal translation, the fidelity of a translation not
excluding an adaptation to make the form, the atmosphere
and deeper meaning of the work felt in another language and
country.
6. The translator shall possess a sound knowledge of the
language from which he/she translates and should, in
particular, be a master of that into which he/she translates.
7. He/she must likewise have a broad general knowledge
and know sufficiently well the subject matter of the
translation and refrain from undertaking a translation in a
field beyond his competence.
8. The translator shall refrain from any unfair competition in
carrying out his profession; in particular, he/she shall strive
for equitable remuneration and not accept any fee below that
which may be fixed by law and regulations.
9. In general, he/she shall neither seek nor accept work
under conditions humiliating to himself/herself or his/her
profession.
10. The translator shall respect the legitimate interests of the
user by treating as a professional secret any information
which may come into his/her possession as a result of the
translation entrusted to him/her.
11. Being a "secondary" author, the translator is required to
accept special obligations with respect to the author of the
original work.
12. He/she must obtain from the author of the original work
or from the user authorization to translate a work, and must
furthermore respect all other rights vested in the author.
第二章 翻譯工作者的權(quán)利
13、每個(gè)翻譯工作者對其譯著享有所在國給予
其他腦力勞動(dòng)者所享有的一切權(quán)利。
14、譯著是腦力勞動(dòng)成果，受有關(guān)規(guī)定的法律
保護(hù)。
15、翻譯工作者對其譯著享有著作權(quán)，從而享
有與原著作者同樣的優(yōu)惠權(quán)益。
16、翻譯工作者對其譯著享有與作者同樣的一
切道義上的權(quán)利與遺產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓的權(quán)利。
17、翻譯工作者生前享有確認(rèn)本人為其譯著作
者的權(quán)利，其中包括：
甲） 公開利用譯者的譯文時(shí)應(yīng)該明確、清楚
地提到譯者的姓名；
乙） 譯者有權(quán)反對任何歪曲、刪減或改動(dòng)其
譯文的行為；
丙） 出版者或其他利用譯文的人，事先未經(jīng)
譯者同意，不得對譯文進(jìn)行任何改動(dòng)；
丁） 譯者有權(quán)禁止非法利用其譯文的一切行
為，有權(quán)反對損害譯者榮譽(yù)或聲望的任何活
動(dòng)。
18、翻譯工作者在允許別人發(fā)表、演出、廣播、
翻譯、改寫、修改其譯文及其他以任何形式利
用其譯文方面，享有特殊的決定權(quán)。
19、翻譯工作者對公開使用其譯文有權(quán)獲得法
律或合同規(guī)定的報(bào)酬。
SECTION II RIGHTS OF THE TRANSLATOR
13. Every translator shall enjoy all the rights with respect to
the translation he/she has made, which the country where
he/she exercises his/her activities grants to other intellectual
workers.
14. A translation, being a creation of the intellect, shall enjoy
the legal protection accorded to such works.
15. The translator is therefore the holder of copyright in
his/her translation and consequently has the same privileges
as the author of the original work.
16. The translator shall thus enjoy, with respect to his/her
translation, all the moral rights of succession conferred by
his/her authorship.
17. He/she shall consequently enjoy during his/her lifetime
the right to recognition of his/her authorship of the
translation, from which it follows, inter alias, that
(a) his/her name shall be mentioned clearly and
unambiguously whenever his/her translation is used
publicly;
(b) he/she shall be entitled to oppose any distortion,
mutilation or other modification of his/her translation;
(c) publishers and other users of his/her translation shall not
make changes therein without the translator's prior consent;
(d) he/she shall be entitled to prohibit any improper use of
his/her translation and, in general, to resist any attack upon it
that is prejudicial to his/her honor or reputation.
18. Furthermore, the exclusive right to authorize the
publication, presentation, broadcasting, re-translation,
adaptation, modification or other rendering of his/her
translation, and, in general, the right to use his/her
translation in any form shall remain with the translator.
19. For every public use of his/her translation the translator
shall be entitled to remuneration at a rate fixed by contract
or law.
第三章 翻譯工作者的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位和社會(huì)地位
20、翻譯工作者有權(quán)獲得能使他切實(shí)完成其所
負(fù)社會(huì)任務(wù)的生活條件。
21、翻譯工作者有權(quán)從其譯著的成果中獲得利
益，有權(quán)從其譯著的商務(wù)利潤中按比例獲得報(bào)
酬。
22、翻譯工作者也可以一次預(yù)訂的方式進(jìn)行；
在這種情況下，不論其譯著所得商業(yè)利潤如
何，譯者都有權(quán)獲得報(bào)酬。
23、翻譯工作這項(xiàng)職業(yè)，同其他自由職業(yè)一樣，
在各國都受到監(jiān)督工資、集體合同、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合同
等措施的保護(hù)。
24、各國翻譯工作者都享有腦力勞動(dòng)者享有的
各種優(yōu)惠待遇，其中包括老年退休金、醫(yī)療、
失業(yè)、多子女的補(bǔ)助金等各種形式的社會(huì)保
障。
SECTION III ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL POSITION
OF THE TRANSLATOR
20. The translator must be assured of living conditions
enabling him/her to carry out with efficiency and dignity the
social task conferred on him/her.
21. The translator shall have a share in the success of his/her
work and shall, in particular, be entitled to remuneration
proportional to the commercial proceeds from the work
he/she has translated.
22. It must be recognized that translation can also arise in
the form of commissioned work and acquire as such rights
to remuneration independent of commercial profits accruing
from the work translated.
23. The translating profession, like other professions, shall
enjoy in every country a protection equal to that afforded to
other professions in that country, by collective agreements,
standard contracts, etc.
24. Translators in every country shall enjoy the advantages
granted to intellectual workers, and particularly of all social
insurance schemes, such as old-age pensions, health
insurance, unemployment benefits and family allowances.
第四章 翻譯工作者協(xié)會(huì)或聯(lián)合會(huì)
25、翻譯工作者同其他自由職業(yè)者一樣，有權(quán)
組織職業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)或聯(lián)合會(huì)。
26、這些組織的任務(wù)，除了保護(hù)翻譯工作者的
物質(zhì)和精神利益外，還應(yīng)包括提高翻譯質(zhì)量和
研究與翻譯有關(guān)的一切其他問題。
27、為了草擬與翻譯工作者有關(guān)的法律措施和
規(guī)則，翻譯工作者協(xié)會(huì)或聯(lián)合會(huì)可與政府機(jī)關(guān)
進(jìn)行接觸。
28、翻譯工作者協(xié)會(huì)或聯(lián)合會(huì)應(yīng)盡可能與利用
譯文的團(tuán)體（出版者協(xié)會(huì)、工商企業(yè)、國家與
私人機(jī)關(guān)、報(bào)刊等）保持經(jīng)常聯(lián)系，以便研究
和解決一些共同的課題。
29、翻譯工作者協(xié)會(huì)或聯(lián)合會(huì)為了監(jiān)督所在國
的一切譯著的質(zhì)量，可與所在國的文化組織、
作家聯(lián)合會(huì)、國際筆會(huì)本國分會(huì)、文學(xué)評論界、
科學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)、大學(xué)、科技研究所等保持聯(lián)系。
30、翻譯工作者協(xié)會(huì)或聯(lián)合會(huì)在翻譯工作者與
譯文使用者之間發(fā)生的各種爭執(zhí)中起仲裁人
或鑒定人的作用。
31、翻譯工作者協(xié)會(huì)或聯(lián)合會(huì)可在訓(xùn)練和補(bǔ)充
翻譯干部問題上發(fā)表意見，也可與專家機(jī)構(gòu)和
大學(xué)合作來實(shí)現(xiàn)這些任務(wù)。
32、翻譯工作者協(xié)會(huì)或聯(lián)合會(huì)應(yīng)從各個(gè)方面收
集翻譯工作者感興趣的情報(bào)資料，并以圖書、
合訂本、概述、通報(bào)的形式提供給翻譯工作者
使用，為此，應(yīng)組織理論和實(shí)踐方面的情報(bào)服
務(wù)工作，舉辦講習(xí)班，召開會(huì)議。
SECTION IV TRANSLATORS' SOCIETIES AND
UNIONS
25. In common with members of other professions,
translators shall enjoy the right to form professional
societies or unions.
26. In addition to defending the moral and material interests
of translators, these organizations shall have the task of
ensuring improvement in standards of translation and of
dealing with all other matters concerning translation.
27. They shall exert their influence on public authorities in
the preparation and introduction of legal measures and
regulations concerning the profession.
28. They shall strive to maintain permanent relations with
organizations which are users of translations (publishers'
associations, industrial and commercial enterprises, public
and private authorities, the Press, etc.) for the purpose of
studying and finding solutions to their common problems.
29. In watching over the quality of all works translated in
their countries, they shall keep in touch with cultural
organizations, societies of authors, national sections of the
Pen Club, literary critics, learned societies, universities, and
technical and scientific research institutes.
30. They shall be competent to act as arbiters and experts in
all disputes arising between translators and users of
translations.
31. They shall have the right to give advice on the training
and recruitment of translators, and to co-operate with
specialized organizations and universities in the pursuit of
these aims.
32. They shall endeavor to collect information of interest to
the profession from all sources and to place it at the disposal
of translators in the form of libraries, files, journals and
bulletins, for which purpose they shall establish theoretical
and practical information services, and organize seminars
and meetings.
第五章 全國性翻譯工作者組織和國際翻譯
工作者聯(lián)合會(huì)
33、在一些同時(shí)存在著幾個(gè)按地區(qū)特點(diǎn)或按一
定范圍建立起來的翻譯工作者組織的國家，最
好能在保持各自獨(dú)立性的情況下，由這些組織
建立一個(gè)全國性的中央組織，以聯(lián)合各組織的
力量。
34、在還未建立翻譯工作者協(xié)會(huì)或聯(lián)合會(huì)的國
家，則建議這些國家的翻譯工作者將自己的力
量聯(lián)合起來，以便在符合所在國法律的條件下
建立這種必要的組織。
35、為了在世界范圍內(nèi)達(dá)到共同的目的，建議
各國翻譯工作者組織加入國際翻譯工作者聯(lián)
合會(huì)。
36、翻譯工作者參加本國的翻譯團(tuán)體，以及這
些團(tuán)體加入國際翻譯工作者聯(lián)合會(huì)，都出于自
愿。
37、國際翻譯工作者聯(lián)合會(huì)維護(hù)翻譯工作者在
國際范圍內(nèi)的物質(zhì)權(quán)利與道義權(quán)利，關(guān)心翻譯
理論及實(shí)踐的發(fā)展，大力促進(jìn)全世界的文化傳
播。
38、國際翻譯者聯(lián)合會(huì)在完成這些任務(wù)時(shí)，代
表著全世界的翻譯工作者，同政府的、非政府
的或政府之間的機(jī)關(guān)進(jìn)行接觸，參加與世界翻
譯工作者和翻譯工作的利益有關(guān)的會(huì)議，出版
著作，召開或贊助召開有關(guān)翻譯工作問題的會(huì)
議。
39、國際翻譯工作者聯(lián)合會(huì)是在國際范圍內(nèi)繼
續(xù)進(jìn)行各國翻譯工作者團(tuán)體的工作，協(xié)助它們
的力量，確定它們共同的行為方針。
40、加入翻譯工作者聯(lián)合會(huì)的各國翻譯工作者
協(xié)會(huì)及其中央組織，為了履行其職責(zé)，要從聯(lián)
合翻譯工作者的團(tuán)結(jié)情誼中，要從促進(jìn)各國人
民相互了解和世界文化傳播的高質(zhì)量翻譯工
作中，不斷吸取必要的力量。
SECTION V NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND THE
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF TRANSLATORS
33. Where several groups of translators exist in a country,
organized either on a regional basis or into different
categories, it will be desirable for these groups to
co-ordinate their activities in a central national organization,
at the same time preserving their identity.
34. In countries where societies or unions of translators are
not yet in existence, it is suggested that translators should
join forces to bring about the necessary establishment of
such an organization, in accordance with the relevant legal
requirements of their country.
35. To ensure the attainment of their aims at world level by
common effort, national translators' organizations are called
upon to unite in the Fédération internationale des traducteurs
(International Federation of Translators [FIT]).
36. Translators shall join their national organizations of their
own free will and the same must apply to the societies with
respect to their association with the International Federation
of Translators.
37. The International Federation of Translators shall defend
the material and moral rights of translators at the
international level, keep in touch with progress in theoretical
and practical matters relating to translation, and endeavor to
contribute to the spread of civilization throughout the world.
38. The International Federation of Translators shall attain
these objectives by representing translators at the
international level, particularly through relations with
governmental, non-governmental and supranational
organizations, by taking part in meetings likely to be of
interest to translators and translation at the international
level, by publishing works, and by organizing or arranging
for the organization of congresses at which questions
concerning translation or translators may be examined.
39. In general the International Federation of Translators
shall extend the activities of the societies of every country at
the international level, co-ordinate their efforts and define its
common policy.
40. The national societies and the International Federation of
Translators, their central organization, derive the strength
necessary for the pursuit of their professional objectives
from the feeling of solidarity existing among translators and
from the dignity of translation which contributes to better
understanding among nations and to the spread of culture
throughout the world.